A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, April 4, 2014

JUST SAY NO?

A short item in last Sunday's New York Times caught my interest. It seems that in the state of New York, students are awaiting, in short order, the administration of the state-wide assessment testing. This is a yearly event. That state's testing is based on the recently developed Common Core standards. These are standards developed not by New York, but by the federal Department of Education. The effort is to provide standards that are not based on rote memory requirements, but on more analytic and problem solving skills. At the national level, the concern seems to be prompted by the perceived need for our students to fare more competitively with students of other nations. A better standing among our students today promises a more competitive work force tomorrow. The article indicates that there is a group of parents in New York City who are opting to have their sons and daughters not take part in the state testing. The total number of students affected by these parental decisions amounts to 270 students – not many given the total numbers being tested. These parents are not against testing or assessment per se. They say that they are in favor of the accountability that testing aims to provide. In the past, these yearly tests in the several states have been used to not only indicate how well students are doing – determining, for example, which ones should be allowed to advance to higher grades or graduate from high school – but also to see how well schools are doing. Florida's testing determines what grade a school deserves, A through F. There has even been some talk of using the tests to “grade” teachers that could then be further instrumental in determining which teachers should be retained, promoted, if their students do well, or penalized in some form if their students do not perform well. These results have earned this type of assessment the title of “high stakes testing.” These rebelling parents claim they're all in favor of this type of accountability. Their beef is that the existing assessment instruments – even the newer versions spurred by Common Core standards – are too limited.

This sentiment is a bit ironic in that the Common Core standards were developed to meet some of the criticism. The newer testing is not based on rote memory skills, but the parents still think that the testing is short on evaluating a variety of student products and short on testing critical thinking based activities. The following captures the concern:
As Rosa Perez-Rivera, a mother in the Bronx who is opting out, explained it, her daughter was thrilled by school last year, when work around oceans sparked a love of science. This year, in third grade, as the focus has moved to test preparation … her confidence and enthusiasm have lagged.1
The often reported effect of state-wide testing is that is takes over a school's curriculum and students find themselves almost exclusively involved in lessons and activities dedicated toward preparing them to do well on the test to the exclusion of other worthwhile endeavors. Social studies and civics seem to be one of those other worthwhile areas that are being “cheated.” According to the Common Core website, reading standards call for the use of history materials, such as foundational documents, in the design of the test questions. But is this enough?

I have concerns about any single testing system for evaluating students. Space here does not allow me to go over all my concerns and what I think should be done with assessment. But I can say that evaluating students, evaluating schools, and evaluating teachers are three different challenges and each needs its own system of evaluation. The strategy for each should be very different. For example, one test regimen cannot be used to see how well teachers are doing when the range of student preparation and level of support students get, such as at home, is so varied. And with modern technology, different strategies can be developed and implemented for a relatively inexpensive investment that could address the varying assessment challenges that educators face. For example, the installation of video cameras in classrooms can be used to randomly review teacher performances. These recordings could then be used to not only judge teacher techniques, but also to improve them. Of course, any new evaluation strategies should include teachers in their development.

As for the specific complaint of these parents, assessment should be more open-ended and test for more creative and critical thinking skills. This is not easy, but I believe it can be done and should be done.

1Bellafante, G. (2014). Refusing to submit to testing and the burdens it imposes. The New York Times, March 30, p. 22 (front page section).

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