A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Monday, June 30, 2014

SAY AH AT A PRICE

From time to time, I get political material in the mail. The common theme of all this correspondence is a solicitation for money. A recent letter from Public Citizen, a lobbying group, begins this way:
Dear Friend,
The world is now divided in two.
Countries that cover all of their citizens with health insurance. And those that don't.
Countries that make it unlawful to profit off of basic health insurance. And those that allow for health insurance corporations to profit off the sick.
Countries where health care is a human right. And those where it is not. Where if you can afford it, you get treated. And if you can't afford it you may die.
Pay or die.
The letter goes on to state that 120 people in America die every day for lack of health insurance and that our current health system costs us $350 billion more than it would if we didn't support a system that pays that amount to the insurance industry for basically needless services – services that can be provided by government. This group is promoting a “single-payer” system or, using language most people can understand, Medicare for everyone. My purpose here is not to seek your approval of such a program, but to point out that if I were a teacher now-a-days I would make copies of this letter and distribute it to my students.

Again, not to convince them to support Medicare for all, but to present a concept: health care as a “human right.” Is it? If so, what does that mean? Is it a natural right, such as liberty, or is it a civil right; that is, a right that is “created” by human society, such as the right to social security retirement benefits. I have my opinion regarding Medicare for all, but my job as a social studies teacher was to have students become aware of the debate, have them research it, analyze the opposing positions regarding it, and have them come up with their own position of whether or not this policy option should be adopted by the US. It is a legitimate topic because I believe health is a basic human concern, such as the concern to express our opinions, and that the commonwealth is affected by the level of health – and, therefore, the level of healthcare – that prevails in a federated society like ours.

One can look at this from different angles: what should the role of government be regarding health care? How does the level of health care among Americans affect equal opportunity among our citizens? What will the option of single-payer mean to the costs of health care? What will it mean to those costs if the current system is allowed to continue or if we do away with the Affordable Healthcare Act and go back to the way it used to be? Is health care a form of security – much as defense against foreign enemies is – and therefore a legitimate concern of government? I can think of other questions to ask students, but this selection gives you, I believe, a sense of what issues are involved in this policy question. And what I would definitely stress would be the facts. Does a government program force doctors to work for the government? Medicare doesn't do that. How does a government program affect doctors' pay? Medicare, I understand, does do that. Wherever the facts go, we should follow them and avoid cherry-picking to bolster one side or the other. The problem with political messaging by lobbyists and other spokespeople is that our public discourse is depleted of unbiased reporting of the relevant facts. Even news accounts seem to tailor their reporting to a far less degree than what would be considered comprehensive coverage. When reporting on these issues, the news media should go out of its way to remind people of the meaningful contextual information to make whatever develops on a daily basis meaningful to the overall situation. If true, for example, the “fact” that 120 Americans die each day from a lack of healthcare should be repeated constantly.

The letter from Public Citizen emphasizes the need to adopt a single-payer system for practical reasons. It does couch the argument as one which regards health care as a right, but the reasons for the position concern mostly costs. Yes, the number of people who die every year due to a lack of health insurance coverage is a moral concern, but just stating the death rate does not delve into moral considerations regarding this gruesome detail. Why is human life, from a moral perspective, so important? I don't get a sense why it is from the letter. Maybe such language is a turnoff to the general public. A specific political campaign needs to be sensitive to such a bias, but a classroom is where such a concern should not be avoided. Of course, such a turn in a discussion needs to be in an atmosphere that has already been established for such a concern. Before any mention of health care as an issue is made, instruction should review the different ways that moral questions can be viewed. Included is the notion that governments are not individuals, but institutions designed to seek the most good when they are behaving morally for the most people – a utilitarian view of morals. Should this be the way a government treats an issue that determines if people live and die? This is a question more complicated in times of peace as opposed to war.

Yes, healthcare is a “juicy” issue and one that deserves class time. A letter from Public Citizen or perhaps a political tract from a conservative group addressing health care provides a potentially enticing “springboard” that can initiate investigation and discussion over what our policy should be. Should it revert to what was in place before Obamacare; should it stay with the Affordable Healthcare Act, or should it move on to a single-payer system such as Medicare for all? While complex, a suitable set of materials can, at a minimum, explain to secondary students the basic stakes involved with this policy decision.

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