A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, June 21, 2016

FAIR IS FAIR

One saying that kids are fond of saying is “That’s not fair.”  The thing is, we don’t grow out of saying it, if not out loud, then quietly within our minds – sometimes our subconscious minds.  Fairness, according to George Lakoff,[1] is something we become cognitive of at an early age.  No one teaches us the notion.  Yes, experience helps us define it better and also teaches us:  “No one likes a crybaby.”  So, we learn to be more stoic in life; we grow an awareness that it is not always fair and that quietly coping with slights and other forms of unfairness is best treated without fuss.  But if the stakes are at all meaningful to us or if we’re just having a bad day to begin with, we will be more disposed to react so that others can see our displeasure.  And sometimes it is good to express anger or disappointment or a “What; are you kidding?” sort of reaction.  Others should know when you consider that a line has been crossed if for no other purpose than to establish and protect your integrity. 

At such times, out in public, I have opted with trying to control my emotions and begin with, “I am going to say this as nicely as I can; I hope what I am going to say doesn’t offend you.”  Then I express, in as calm a voice as I can, what my concern is.  If I’m cheated and the consequence is a meaningful loss, what happens next depends on whether restitution can be gained.  If the offending party is known and approachable, of course, a discussion commences and a satisfactory result is sought.  But if the other party is unknown, refuses to acknowledge the offense, doesn’t care and therefore refuses to own up to his/her culpability, then a third party needs to brought into play, most likely entailing a lawyer and the courts.  Of course, all of this adds costs to the process, even if contingency arrangements are made with legal representation.  So, in such cases, the aim would be retribution, not revenge.  Revenge helps no one, even if the emotional side tells us it would feel so good.

Then there is the case when laws have been broken and another branch of the legal system is called upon:  the police and a prosecutor.  You file charges and let the legal system do its thing.  This entails other costs such as being deposed, possibly becoming a witness in court and, perhaps, having to hire a lawyer.  Again, it is very rare that an average citizen goes through this process and says, “Boy, that was fun.”

 In all of this, a very practical strategy is to avoid as much as possible being the offending party; that is, decide early on that it is the safest, with the least long term costs, and the friendliest (acquiring and keeping worthwhile friends) strategy is to act fairly in all your dealings, even if it either incurs short-term costs or gives up on some short-term advantage.  But we should remember that in all of this, we work under an allusion of sorts.

The allusion is the spell of a metaphor that is so entrenched we have codified it into law.  That is, as Lakoff points out, the allusion of money or financial calculations with fairness.  Fairness is a qualitative, not a quantitative thing.  But in dealing with it, we have constructed a quantitative way to measure it.  We are not taught to be concerned with fairness as in when we first said, “He got more cookies than I did and that’s not fair,” but we are taught the notion of a ledger.  This notion takes the following form:  I have so many “points” for being fair or I, in being unfair, owe someone something to make up for my unfairness.  We find it practical and helpful to see this business of fairness as a sort of business, a quantifiable commodity that one can measure.  I say that law codifies it in that if, for example, a dear family member, a father or mother, let’s say, is killed or maimed, the courts will take into account the earning potentials of the injured party so as to figure what monetary amount might satisfy the “justly” defined loss.  We need to balance the ledger.  This way of thinking is so ingrained that we lose sight of the fact, at least as the process is progressing, that this does not begin to address the loss; it can only provide some metaphorical relief.

I bring all this up because I believe that trying to quantify fairness fits the natural rights view of governance and politics.  If governance, in part, is about keeping these collective ledgers somewhat in balance, the government is addressing a maintenance function and trying to satisfy it.  If not, the levels of disagreement and resulting disruptions would render the whole system – governmental and societal – as dysfunctional; if there is enough of that sort of thing, the very existence of the system comes into question or the citizenry, in one form or another, opts for some radical, perceived solution.  Radicalism has a poor record in meeting the problems which we are considering.

Could our current presidential cycle be explained under this light?  If there is a prevailing sense that the system is unfair – and this does not need to be accurate, it just has to be perceived – modern societies tend to look for one of two options.  These are a nationalist option or a “revolutionary” option.  This condition is intensified if actual conditions can be cited as proof that the system is unfair.  If almost all the new increased income of a nation’s economy is going to the top 1%, this can be cited as a factual.  Hence, we have Trump, the nationalist, and Sanders, the revolutionary.  My suggestion to the 1% is to consider your actions, consider their fairness, and consider what you consider fairness to be.  No level of persuasion can eliminate people’s concern over fairness; we’re just wired that way.  And policing our way of accepting general unfairness is very expensive.  I write this with no sense of a threat, but more of a warning.  The telltale signs seem to be popping up.  By all accounts, this campaign season seems to be something very new; it’s telling us something.




[1] Lakoff, G.  (2002).  Moral politics:  How liberals and conservatives think.  Chicago, IL:  The University of Chicago Press.

No comments:

Post a Comment