A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, January 31, 2017

LEADERSHIP AND WHO HE/SHE IS

A recurring theme in this blog has been the topic of change.  More specifically, how does one effect change in a school’s curriculum?  The reason for this recurrence is that one of the main aims of this blog is to promote a view of civics’ content; that is, the mental construct, federation theory.  This blog has made the point that at any given time, a fundamental construct is utilized to guide educators as to what content is included in a course of study and this includes a course in civics.
          The blog has argued that the current guiding construct, the natural rights view, is deficient in several ways.  For example, its reliance on a self-defined sense of citizenship and political morality has led to too many young people adopting self-serving aims at the expense of the common good.  This argument is an involved one and has been developed over many postings.  A short summary is that federation theory should be adopted as the guiding construct since it encourages a citizenry that sees itself engaged in a partnership within itself.
          But beyond the sought-after change is the whole notion of change, per se.  And if one is considering an effective curricular change, one is talking about transformational change.  Before one can effect a change of this type, one needs to know what leads to change; what makes it happen.  The analysis thus far in this blog has led to the realization that if fundamental change is to occur, it needs to be the product of change agents.
A change agent can be anyone involved with change, but he/she is a leader, someone who is listened to and who gets others to behave in certain ways.  Such compliance in transformational change is not from anticipation of a punishment if the follower fails to comply or from an expectation of a tangible reward such as money or a benefit other than the emotional reward accrued from being part of a positive change.  The subject follows the transformational leader because he/she believes it is the right thing to do.  This type of leadership is geared toward long-term not short-term change.
Michael A. Roberto[1] identifies a list of myths concerning such leadership.  The first myth is that leaders of this type are born, not made.  He is quick to point out that, yes, some individuals are born with inborn qualities that can more readily be developed into leadership characteristics, but these qualities can also be taught.  Myth two:  effective leaders are lone geniuses who lead through their own efforts and skills.  The truth is that effective leadership can best be described as those actions that coordinate a collaborative team of workers or volunteers (depending on the organization being led).
The third myth is that effective leaders are charismatic and extroverted who thrive in being out there and the center of attention.  Some are extroverts, but many are not.  Many use a more subdued presence, working below the radar with little fanfare.  The fourth myth is that effective leadership needs authority.  Yes, authority can help, but no example other than Mahatma Gandhi illustrates how much a person without authority can affect profound change.
And a fifth myth is the belief that leadership reflects or is associated with a certain set of traits.  Leadership comes in many different “packages.”  Usually such belief focuses on personality traits, but studies of leadership have identified an array of personality qualities among different leaders, and showing one cannot settle on a single ideal personality makeup that equates to an effective leader.
Future postings will delve into these myths and other aspects of leadership.  These descriptions and explanations will address a useful view of what constitutes leadership.  While the treatment will not be about furthering federation theory, it will display an overlapping message of how coordination, collaboration, and mutual commitment – federalist qualities – are useful in defining good leadership.



[1] Michael A. Roberto, Transformational Leadership:  How Leaders Change Teams, Companies, and Organizations, (Chantilly, VA:  The Great Courses/The Teaching Company, 2011).

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