A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, March 22, 2019

IS GREED INEVITABLE?


This is the third posting dealing with the relationship between two federalist values, equality and justice.  To date, this blog has claimed that justice is a derivative value, stemming from equality.  The blog provided a definition for each value:
·        Equality is a social quality based on the belief that despite inequality in talent, wealth, health or other assets, it calls for equal consideration of all persons’ well-being, that all have an equal right to maintain their dignity and integrity as individual persons.
·        And justice is the commitment to give everyone his/her due based on a realistic view of dispersed or accumulated advantages.
Finally, the blog made a further claim:  equality provides the substance and motivation for justice.
          In the last posting, the blog applied these ideas to a proposition.  That is:  should the Purple Heart award be granted to war veterans suffering from PTSD?  This posting analyzes another situation; one that dealt with this nation’s government response to the financial crisis of 2008-09.
          In that case, the nation’s economy and that of the world’s, was just short of collapsing.  Predictions and post analyses both stated that if the financial system – mostly the large banks and certain insurance companies – fell into bankruptcy, the resulting depression would have made the Great Depression of the 1930s a second-rate catastrophe. 
That earlier debacle caused a decade long misery with millions unemployed, businesses left and right, going under, and a psychological dispiritedness that affected that generation for the rest of its lives.  Many blamed, in part, that economic disaster for the onslaught of World War II with its death rate of tens of millions (one estimate as high as 85 million) and costs of $4 Trillion (equal to, if this writer’s calculations are right, $54.5 Trillion in 2017 dollars). 
In short, a lot was on the line in 2009.  In writing about that financial crisis, Michael J. Sandel summarily traces the activities that led to this scary situation – a lot of chancy lending practices – and certain determining factors are beyond question.[1]  The question that does occur to Sandel and deserves the attention of those who need to understand, for example civics teacher, is:  how was justice or injustice involved?
Specifically, his question is:  should one see those activities as the product of greed or was it the product of failure?  Now, greed is not a federalist value.  As a matter of fact, it is antithetical to that construct.  However, greed has been given a legitimizing push under today’s dominant mental construct – the natural rights view – with its promotion of individual rights.  There is that famous quip in the film, Wall Street,[2] “Greed is good” uttered by Michael Douglas’ character, Gordon Gekko.  It became a meme and not all who use it, use it with a negative characterization.
The concern in 2009 among many Americans with the bailout plan the Obama Administration devised:  given the role the financial officials played in causing the emergency, were they not being rewarded by the administration’s plan?  Were those government officials not rewarding greed?  Sandel points out, bank and insurance officials were greedy before the crisis began and no one seemed concerned then; why in 2009?
The point is, their “sin” was not greed, but it was failure.  And that seems to be a more productive sense of concern.  For one guided by federation theory, how does this “go down?”  It goes down as another, albeit an important, example of what needs fixing, but in the meantime, liberated federalism needs to accept certain realities as just that, realities. 
One such reality is that intrenched in the culture of the financial world has been the “animalistic” fever associated with profit-making opportunities.  In addition, that fever has little concern for the common good.  Yet, it usually leads to productive investments when timid souls avoid them.
Hence, the need for regulations – a la federalist principles – to keep that fever under reasonable limits.  The regs should aim to avoid unequal government policy that while having the fate of the economy in their hands, cannot just do what they want to do.
For example, these banks need to have enough reserve funds to weather developments as those that led to the crisis.  They also need to be prohibited from certain practices, for example, the bundling of mortgages and then splitting up their titles for investment purposes.  This posting will not spell these out – that would take up too many words for the purposes here.  The point being made here is that unequal treatment, under certain conditions, is necessary to better approach justice.
Yes, the Obama Administration did not treat everyone equally.  Those who lost their homes, their jobs, their well-being were not – to any great degree – provided a bailout, but large banks and insurance companies were.  Why?  One can have various answers to that question.  The official answer is legitimate; i.e., the collapse of the system was unacceptable.  To the extent it is true, this writer cannot responsibly judge – he doesn’t know enough. 
The official answer cites the overall health of the economy – under the emergency – and, therefore, the health of the society was at stake.  Given the example of the Great Depression, one can feel fortunate the more recent crisis is referred to as the Great Recession.  Federalist values holds societal health – especially when existential dangers loom – as the trump value, because all else that is valued becomes susceptible to being unattainable.


[1] Michael J. Sandel, Justice:  What’s the right thing to do?  (New York, NY:  Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2009).

[2] Oliver Stone (director), Wall Street (United States, American Entertainment Partners/American Film, 1987).

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