A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, April 5, 2019

CAN NATURAL RIGHTS APPEASE HUMAN NATURE?


Reviewing the literature of natural rights advocates, one finds recurring themes; e.g., capitalism has provided a miraculous economic boom.  That boom, in turn, has advanced the well-being of all who live in a capitalist nation.  Or stated another way, capitalism has found a way for people – either at the individual level or at the group/organizational level – to cooperate and coordinate themselves and others to do those things necessary to first establish and then maintain a modern life.  This is no small accomplishment. 
Also, in those accounts there are recurring descriptions of human nature as conniving, self-centered, and readily relying on violence, brutalization, and other such means to acquire immediate desires.  A prime message is that because human nature is what it is, a way to direct such tendencies needed to be discovered so that the advancements one associates with modern life could have been attained.  And that basically refers to developing free markets.
One such work is offered by Jonah Goldberg in his work describing the formulation of The Miracle – aka, capitalist economies.[1]  He not only provides a description of how human nature exhibited itself before the advent of capitalism, but also issues a warning that capitalism is facing challenges that might lead to its demise. 
What constitutes the danger?  Basically, the still present anti-social nature humans possess finds ways to express itself under various guises; ones that are amenable to a modern perspective but are simply ways for misguided or corrupt individuals to re-establish a more brutish social landscape.  How?  By either direct methods or through programs that undo free market arrangements.
These programs undermine, to various degrees, the ability of the individual to exercise his/her freedom with either straight forward coercion or through government action to meet the wants of some “deserving” faction or interest group.  Whatever the rationale, the bottom line is that such efforts go contrary to the basic interactive – invisible hand – operations upon which free markets function. 
Along with the economic aspects of this development, there are the political ones as well.  Since, the Western nations, through a variety of programs, have betrayed basic attributes of a natural rights political construct, the political liberties/freedoms of people are in high jeopardy and one can expect that an end to “The Miracle” is a real outcome as the abuses to freedoms continue to pile up. 
There are a lot of signs and developments that point to this demise – too many to list here, but one is the rise of the bureaucratic state.  Goldberg pinpoints the beginning of this trend in the US to the Woodrow Wilson progressive administration, but it was later institutionalized during the New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt.
But before describing this danger further, this writer likes to point out what to him is an obvious miss use of a term.  Goldberg calls his view of a desired sense of rights as natural rights – what this blog describes as the extreme sense of individual rights.  But Goldberg uses the term after describing the anti-social nature a natural person is apt to exhibit once any coercive force that keeps human nature under control is compromised. 
It reminds one of the scenes, in Gone with the Wind, when the southern soldiers are withdrawn from Atlanta and Rhett Butler knowingly says, in effect, all hell is about to let loose.  Goldberg admits early in his work – the one cited here – that any capitalist society needs to socialize its members to hold and believe in moral precepts that deem extreme selfishness as sinful.  
Yet, natural rights cares little about such things; what is needed is some extra-theoretical basis, such as religion or some belief in a narrative, that provides a reason to place human nature at bay.  So, is the term, natural rights, the best word or sense of what should be sought?  Of course, this blog has offered another perspective concerning rights; i.e., federal rights.
Goldberg does hold that without respecting natural rights, corrupt factors start taking hold.  The forces of nature are constantly eroding what un-natural capitalist norms get people to do.  At its heart, those norms can do that by establishing win-win interactions.  Yet, because segments who really don’t buy in, but instead seek immediate win-lose advantages – such as exploiting tribalistic or aristocratic or bureaucratic arrangements to their advantages – they unleash corruption that begin to undermine individual freedom.
For example, the US bureaucracy, according to Goldberg, has – as the often-cited popular moniker indicates – truly become the fourth branch of government.  It is not elected, but it does, through regulations and judication of regulations, enact laws to which citizens are subject.  They also tax – using the term, fees – without Congressional authorization.  This, on the face of it, is unconstitutional.
Elements of the bureaucracy exist, according to their legislative mandates, to provide for perceived needs of segments of the population.  While the rationales of the various departments or agencies have ultraistic aims, they are made up of staffs that are “naturally” seeking their own selfish interests – apparently healthy salaries and protected job security are not enough to solicit from those workforces the intended outcomes.  One senses that the only answer to this problem is that government cannot provide such services without undermining individual freedom.
Goldberg offers the Veterans Administration as his example.  He relates such an example as just a modern version of an aristocratic-style entity that uses, what has been generally deemed to be a legitimate group, to further their self-serving aims.  The aristocracies of the Middle Ages used religion, modern bureaucracy, in the case of the VA, uses a common sense of debt to those who have served the nation in the armed forces to provide a government service outside the discipline of a market arrangement. 
Such misguided efforts are primed to become corrupting organizations that erode the individualist basis for eliciting desired behaviors upon which modern society is based.  Of course, this posting can only skim the elements of the argument.  Federation theory is at odds with this argument.  And that opposition has many levels.  For one, markets fail to meet all wanted or needed outcomes. 
Federation theory ascribes to markets the role of being the primary means to provide those goods and services by which a federated populace can be established and maintained.  But markets are not always successful, and keeping a federated populace is primary to any economic arrangement.  When markets fail and volunteerism is not enough, then government is called upon to meet those requirements.  One such requirement is viable health care and a thankful nation is wise to provide it to those who served it.
This writer will not pass judgement on the VA – he simply does not know enough about that government program.  But he does believe that generally government services are good, and they hire committed people who do good work.  To bolster that claim of competency, the reader is directed to read Michael Lewis’ work, The Fifth Risk.[2]  This writer will address Lewis’ findings in future postings.


[1] Jonah Goldberg, Suicide of the West:  How the Rebirth of Tribalism, Populism, Nationalism, and Identity Politics Is Destroying American Democracy (New York, NY:  Crown Forum, 2018).

[2] Michael Lewis, The Fifth Risk (New York, NY:  W. W. Norton & Company, 2018).

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