A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, October 5, 2021

GETTING IT RIGHT

 

This posting carries on this blog’s argument about instituting among social studies/civics teachers the belief that civics education should hold, if not the prominent, a highly esteemed position in the rationale for public education as well as private education.  That is, such a notion should be an element of a teacher preparation program and instill in its prospective teachers a sense of the importance of their sought-after jobs.

              To remind the reader, here is the written form of this element,

 

A viable teacher preparation program needs to make clear that civic preparation is not only a foundation of civics education or even social studies, but of all public education and of responsible, private educational programs as well.

 

To this point, various historians have been cited to support this contention and a review of several stated aims for education have been shared – for example, of note was the National Education Association’s Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education “principles”, the 1918 Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education, that placed civic education as number five in its listing of seven principles.[1]

          But of late, such a role has been mostly forgotten and today public education along with private education is sold on practical grounds.  The main focus seems to be:  How do educational opportunities further the interests of individual students?  And with such an emphasis, what is the hidden message that society is communicating?  It is:  government, through its education programs, is not something one participates in but instead, is merely a dispenser of services, including education.

          And the taxpaying citizens are merely the consumers of such services.  Applying this perception to schools, one is told that schools are built for kids or that all that happens in schools is done for the benefit of children.  This sounds right to a citizen who might not give such a question much thought.  Intuitively, one agrees when someone else states this premise, but as a trump or ultimate goal, aim, or value, it is far afield from the original aims of those who first proposed public education to this nation.

          Who says this “civic thing” should be the ultimate value?  Take the following Supreme Court statement into consideration:

 

The primary purpose of the maintenance of the common school system is the promotion of the general intelligence of the people constituting the body politic and thereby to increase the usefulness and efficiency of the citizens, upon which the government of society depends.  Free schooling furnished by the state is not so much a right granted to pupils as a duty imposed upon them for the public good.[2]

 

The clear point of the judges’ opinion is that public schooling is not for the benefit of the individual student, but for the interests of society.  Surely, advancement of the former usually advances the latter, but not always.  There are times when the interests of the community – as in mandating masking during a pandemic – outweigh the believed interests of the individual.

          Beyond that, defining the purpose of schooling as a consumer service puts all affected persons who are involved in education in a different mindset.  After all, like all businesses, one wants happy customers not burdened with duties and obligations, but instead satisfied with a product that makes them feel good even if the original purpose of offering the product has not been met.

          This former teacher observed during his years of service that students did not generally go to school with a desire for receiving the service they were there to receive.  One observes that a different general disposition seems to be at play when compared to young people attending a movie theater or an amusement park. 

But, under a general mode of schooling, to satisfy the student-customer (and often his/her parents), school officials often find it necessary to enhance the service to make it seem as if the school day is more like a movie theater or an amusement park.  This is not bluntly stated or readily observed.  Instead, a general assumed sense prevails that manifests itself in many ways during the school year.

          Often, good teachers are not defined as those who engage students in meaningful learning, but as those who have the skills or personality to make sure students have fun.  When asked how a lesson went, teachers tend to reply whether the students liked it or not, not whether the lesson elicited meaningful engagement or whether students learned from the experience.

          Those aspects of the educational process, which by their very nature depend on students fulfilling a duty or obligation, are lessened, or eliminated.  Concerns for learning become compromised more and more as the years go by.  So deteriorated has the learning function become that in the last twenty years, states have taken to imposing outside standards and evaluation instruments to verify the schools’ claims that learning has/is taking place.  That is, one cannot trust schoolteachers and administrators to hold honest and meaningful evaluation of their students’ progress.

          Grade point averages have lost their meaning – at least, to a great degree; diplomas have less value.  Such statements as an individual student being an honor student become significant as some quality other than academic achievement.  But most important, schools become places other than where one can promote civics education.  The notion that education is a product of a community effort loses its sense of communal accomplishment or even meaning.  And in the opinion of this blogger, this has been progressing – or is it regressing? – for a significant number of decades.

          Education for the masses cannot be just another consumer service; it must be a collective/communal endeavor for the benefit of the society that it serves.  And central to such a view or sentiment is the civic function such a view entails.  An effective teacher preparation program, one that leads to a state certification, needs to make plain this distinction between a commercial view and a communal view and make it clear that one should advance education’s ultimate goal of enhancing the health of the society it serves.



[1] Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education, Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education, Bulletin 35 (Washington, DC:  U. S. Office of Education, 1918).

[2] New Hampshire Supreme Court, Fogg v. Board of Education, 76 N.H. 296, 82 Atl. 173 (1912).

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