A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, May 30, 2023

CRITIQUE OF CRITICAL THEORY, VI

 

This posting will be the last dedicated to critiquing critical theory.  Overall, this blogger believes that this construct and its accompanying critical pedagogy have contributed a number of positive effects to the field of civics education and social studies in general.  Mostly, those contributions have been in relation to its focus on the needs of the disadvantaged, particularly considering how the advantaged have used their resources to further their economic interests, often at the expense of the lower classes.

            Demonstrating this last claim, there are ample cases in which the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and big business in general can take advantage of their ability to hire top rated attorneys.  This representation, in turn, can protect them against lawsuits and other legal efforts to compensate harm that average people might suffer at the hands of these entities.[1] 

Along with favoring these “big shots” in tort litigation, they favor contractual agreements and other provisions of the law that hinder regular people’s rights to gain access to the courts or, if access is achieved, have favorable decisions rendered.  This type of information is what would be highlighted in a critical education curriculum. 

Not only would this alleged unjust behavior be shared with students, but critical leaning lessons would analyze what individuals and communities can do about righting these wrongs.  And if done according to instructional strategies that that construct promulgates, it would be done in an open discussion format.

This would not only enhance the knowledge of students but also be useful in developing their intellectual capabilities.  And lest one forgets, such instruction helps the communal interests of those less advantaged students since part of the lesson is to teach and encourage students to actively engage in political action – praxis – which targets those who can authoritatively right the wrongs of any exploitive conditions.

But this blogger does see that the approach suffers from certain shortcomings.  For one, the construct is situated upon an array of assumptions that its adherents apply to the debate over curricular issues including its instructional methodology.  For example, he once debated a critical pedagogue over whether the US Constitution is a slave document or not.

Admittedly, it was mostly a semantic argument, but words are important.  To give readers the summary substance of that argument, the critical pedagogue claimed that by permitting slavery to not only exist but flourish and, by doing so, it promoted the enslavement of African descendants.   This blogger argued that the Constitution did accommodate slavery – in some very meaningful ways – but it did not mandate it and, with the structure and values it promoted, it helped establish the stage for its eventual demise.

Irrespective of how readers judge this back and forth – if it were limited to two people having a disagreement, no big deal.  But if there is a corps of teachers believing the nation’s constitution is an exploitive legal document, this can be a very hurtful assumption or belief.  Such conclusions can logically lead to de-legitimizing arguments or claims being presented to unsophisticated populations of students and some might reasonably consider that dangerous.

Hopefully, readers do not believe this type of concern links this blogger with the rhetoric and policies of Governor Ron DeSantis and his favoring the disallowing of leftist or critical content in Florida classrooms.  This blogger believes that true liberty is not achieved through educational censorship, but through the inclusion of as many messages as is reasonably possible. 

This blogger’s concern with critical pedagogy is that through its questioning – how they, the questions, are reflective of their ideological beliefs – steer their approach toward those ideological beliefs and do stack the deck against truly open inquiry.  Of course, with such unfettered bias in how the material is presented or under what context it stands, the accusation of indoctrination seems justified.

He is not trying to overstate the case, but he feels, having known critical pedagogues, that in some cases – i.e., in terms of some educators – the net effect will be to unduly promote a political agenda which happens to undermine the legitimacy of the nation’s political system.  That would be bad enough, but when couched in the language of an issue-centered curriculum, the influence would be tacit and even more insidious.

How?  This approach, critical pedagogy – has a definite political agenda backing its efforts.  It highly relies on Marxist biases.  While many do not consider themselves Marxists – and often with good and honest reasons – it is in danger of precluding the legitimate concerns and constructive contributions conservatives add to the related debates.  In other words, the approach is too committed to leftist positions as expressed in the information they tend to provide or in the questioning they employ.

If the reader wishes to read more of what critical pedagogues have to say, let this blogger suggest some names. He believes these writers and their works would be a good start in delving into critical literature. This list includes, of course, Paulo Freire, but also Michael Apple, Henry Giroux, Jonathan Kozol, Ivan Illich, John Holt, Peter McLaren, bell hooks, and Ira Shor (who actually bases his writings on his own classroom experiences). And there are many others.



[1] See for example, Michelle Conlin, Dan Levine, and Lisa Giron, “Special Report:  Why Big Business Can Count on Courts to Keep Its Deadly Secrets,” Reuters (December 19, 2019), accessed May 27, 2023, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-courts-secrecy-lobbyist-specialre/special-report-why-big-business-can-count-on-courts-to-keep-its-deadly-secrets-idUSKBN1YN1GF.

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