A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, March 27, 2015

COORDINATING

After a bit of a debate with myself, I am calling this next function coordinating.  The context of this debate is that I am in the midst of presenting through a set of postings a list of functions that I believe are useful to educators who want students to look at political activity from the perspective of groups.  Groups are, of course, collections of individuals who come together for a purpose.  Groups vary in importance, duration, formality, cohesiveness, and purpose.  All groups also vary in the matter of their health – how likely they are to be viable and to overcome any existing forces that might present the group obstacles or, even more ominous, dangers.  Experience tells us that any group we might have belonged to was concerned with these forces.  Take the experience that belonging to a family provides.

Over the years, families face many negative situations:  losing a job, being uprooted due to work or family challenges, partaking in infidelity, rebelling children, on and on.  We are told that most divorces are caused by financial problems.  In addition, our defining marriage as a contract as opposed to a covenant or compact has added to the disruptive forces facing families.  In order for a family to be viable, to be healthy, it needs to do certain things and if we analyze across groups, we can identify a list of activity types, functional behaviors, which increase the likelihood of a group succeeding. 

My list is a set of functions that political groups need to fulfill to some degree in order to be healthy.  Given that just about all groups have a political function, we can extend these functions beyond those groups whose primary reason for existence is political.  The other proviso is to point out that my list applies to a range of groups from those who are highly informal to those that are institutionalized and integral to our political landscape.[1]  My last few postings have identified the following functions:  producing, adapting, sophisticating, and liberating.  This posting will describe the function, coordinating.

I also debated about whether to call this function organizing or coordinating.  Since my functions are aimed at promoting successful federated groups, my choice of coordinating hopefully denotes a higher degree of interactivity between members, an interactivity that has a level of esprit and unity not captured by the term organizing.  Hence, I chose coordinating in the hope that it more closely describes a sense of partnership which is what a federation is.  Not only does such a group have a formal structure as exists in organizations, but an emotional commitment that exudes palpable loyalty.  This level of cohesion does not necessarily depend on friendship, although friendship could be helpful, but it does demand respect for each other – a respect of each member’s humanity and his or her role within the group.  If this function is met, a whole array of activities will not only be tolerated, but also be sought after.  Discussions and disagreements are seen as opportunities for improvement, not triggers for dissolution or other counterproductive actions.  In order for this to work, a federated group has to have a significant amount of trust among the membership.  This latter quality is not easily attained and it shouldn’t be.  Trust in a federated group should be seen as something that needs to be earned and not taken for granted – although at times it needs to be assumed.

All of this, of course, does not preclude the needs of all organizations.  Federated associations need a formal structure, well-defined authority relations, and all the physical resources necessary to fulfill their purposes.  But a difference that distinguishes federated associations is the bias they have for more horizontal power arrangements.  This feature is not born from trying to be trendy, but from a sincere attachment to an ideal of having each member contribute to the policy-making processes of the group.  Of course, this desire needs to be tempered by practical concerns, which includes needs for expertise and other technical and physical requirements.  But it does require that all of its, at least, participating members believe in and interpret sufficiently similarly the foundational ideals and principles of the group.

A teacher who wants his/her students to study a group and determine whether the group is meeting this function of coordinating might ask some or all of the following questions:
Does the group have clear lines of authority?
Does the group have a sufficient array of skills among its members to viably engage in activities that are meant to accomplish its purposes?
Does the group have problem-solving protocols that meet the challenges of the group’s internal and external environment?
Does the group encourage broad participation among its members in the established problem-solving protocols?
Do the members have a clear understanding of their individual roles and expectations?  Do they individually and collectively judge these roles and expectations as legitimate and proper?
Can you add to this list?



[1] I see groups ranging from haphazard gatherings to very important and essential collections of important people.  The progression goes something like this:  gathering, group, organization, association, institution.  An association is an organization that is made up of federated individuals or groups.  I don’t particularly like the term institution.  I like to reserve that term to identify established ways of doing things.  Since institutions – as I am defining them – rely on very healthy groups, the term institution – as a group – can be used reservedly.

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