A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, May 3, 2016

TRUMPING THE PROCESS

Last August 18th I posted a piece that reflected on our subconscious abilities.  I related experimental work about how we discern winning patterns in card “games” fairly quickly without much conscious figuring; they’re hunches, if you will.  And all of that mental work is done by our subconscious as it, much like a computer, reviews and analyzes a heavy dose of data – by some estimates, over eleven million bits of data.  Let me quote Malcolm Gladwell, “… [see the subconscious] as a kind of giant computer that quickly and quietly processes a lot of the data we need in order to keep functioning as a human being.”[1]  I applied that ability to the initial developments of the present presidential race and commented on any early appeal Donald Trump had.  Well, the months have passed since those early days; a lot has taken place including name calling, immature references to body parts, fist fights, and a slew of candidates dropping out of the race.  We have five names left and the two nominees of the major parties seem to have been chosen even though there are outside chances that one or the other of the apparent winners could lose by some unforeseen development.  So has Trump trumped any chance for a more traditional campaign season between the conventions and election day?  It seems he has.

What seems to have happened, and I am not an expert on these matters, is that those early gut reactions to the candidates’ messaging have solidified.  Trump followers have become unyielding Trump supporters.  We are led to believe that due to his popularity among certain segments of the electorate, seldom voting segments, they have found their man and little to nothing will budge them from that support.  Many, the media tells us, don’t necessarily like many of his off-the-cuff comments, but they dismiss those in the same way they may say things at times or perhaps their neighbors would say things; that is, offensive comments they would probably take back if given the chance.  After all, a great part of his appeal is that he is neither a politician – a claim he could make when he first entered the race, but no longer – nor politically correct – a term the meaning of I am not exactly sure.  I believe, since politics is not what many people like to think about once a decision is made in that area of concern, a person is likely not to want to revisit it again.  Instead, it’s more fun to appreciate the “show” quality the Trump phenomenon provides.

While subconsciously developed hunches, especially by experienced commentators of whatever area of concern the hunch is about, tend to be uncannily accurate, they are subject to mistakes.  And the thing is, we are mostly not experts on most things about which we have to decide.  So let’s look into this subconscious mechanism we carry around. 

First, evolutionarily speaking, we as humans would not have survived if we had not augmented our ability to predict or form conclusions on the conscious level.  We needed this faster mode of decision-making to meet the challenges of the day.  By subconscious, the reference is not the Freudian sub-consciousness we have come to know about; instead, it is this calculating mechanism described above.  As such, we are dealing with an adaptive portion of the brain, dealing with quickly changing environments.  And hence, our survival ability, such thinking permits, developed over centuries.  Some of its functions include taking stock of the environment (with all its variety of information), issuing necessary warnings when needed, setting up short-term goals, and even sending the necessary internal signals to initiate action, all done in a very efficient manner.  That’s one very sophisticated bit of “hardware” with compatible “software” programing built in – truly, a biological wonder.

To illustrate these capabilities, Gladwell shares an experiment that demonstrates them.  In a study in which students were shown ten-second video tapes of teachers to students, the students were asked to rate how good the teachers were.  The study then compared these quick evaluations with student evaluations which were done toward the end of a term of the same teachers and found the correlation of results between the “ten-second” evaluations and the term-long evaluations overwhelming.  I would probably want to know what constituted a good teacher in these students’ minds, but the point is that in ten-seconds they were able to predict what students thought about those professors at the end of a semester, usually ten to sixteen weeks long.

Now, hunches based on quick judgements are fallible and knowing the subject under evaluation does help in these hunches – the more one knows, the better one’s hunches are.  Our subconscious mind can be misled, distracted, or otherwise given wrong information.  So that leaves us with two areas of interest in considering this other mind.  One, why are we, in using our subconscious, right when we are right?  And then, why are we wrong when we are wrong?  The practical concern would be:  how can we improve in using our subconscious computer?  I will further explore these questions in future postings.  If nothing else, a better understanding could lead us to selecting better political leaders than we seem to be doing currently.



[1] Gladwell, M.  (2005).  Blink:  The power of thinking without thinking.  New York, NY:  Bay Back Books, p.11.

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