A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, November 22, 2019

ONE ON ONE RESPECT


One element of federation theory – a political construct this blog has promoted as a guide in formulating a civics curriculum – is the goal to achieve a federated citizenry – hence the name of the construct.  By wishing this characteristic on a populous, one is aiming at encouraging a sense among a people that they view each other as partners.  In turn, that reflects an ideal and that ideal holds that if an advantage befalls one citizens, it befalls all of them.  And the same can be said of disadvantages.
          Before one can approach such an ideal realistically, a lot must be in place – one does not intelligently just think that all his/her fellow citizens’ interests, their honesty, and their general aims are honorable enough and fall in line to reasonably allow such a feeling of federation to bloom.  But that does not preclude that one can hold such a view as a worthy goal worthy of one working toward approaching; all this while knowing that complete achievement, if not impossible, is very difficult.
          With this general sense or goal, to meaningfully influence a polity, those who seek it have several areas to address but none more important than how citizens interact.  This is a wide field of human behavior and bits of information concerning it can be found in analyzing many sorts of interactions between and among a nation’s populous – both within the citizenry and among the nation’s resident population.
          One area where such information can be “culled” would be how people behave in challenging settings such as when they interact with their doctors.  Ostensibly, that relationship can and should be a cooperative one.  Tort law recognizes that relationship as doctors having legal responsibilities toward their patients and some call this relationship an example of a fiduciary duty. 
And, to wit, there is a great deal of case law in which the main topic is either alleged or proven are in cases of negligence charged against doctors.  One can judge such incidences – as these tort cases – as falling woefully short of the ideal stated above in which federated relationships are formed.
          In this area, the writer, Malcolm Gladwell,[1] shares interesting and relevant information. On the surface, this blogger assumed that a lawsuit involving medical practice reflects poor doctoring or, at least, that a patient perceives that poor doctoring occurred in his/her treatment.  Gladwell disabuses his readers of such a notion in its purer version.
          It turns out that malpractice is not the main factor in determining whether a lawsuit results from a treatment.  As a matter of fact, poor treatment has little to do with it.  And that fact is what makes this insight relevant to the concern of this posting; i.e., how a people advance toward being federated.  Bottom line, it turns out, it is those doctors who are ranked as highly skilled who are more apt to be sued than lower skilled ones.  Actually, many, if not most, poor physicians never see the inside of a courtroom as a defendant in a tort action.
          Yes, a patient who goes to court feels or actually has suffered poor medical service which has resulted in harm, but, as Gladwell claims, something else is involved.  And that something has to do with the personal interaction between a doctor and his/her patient.  Citing the work of Wendy Levinson, one can find that how a patient and doctor speak to each other is a better predictor of whether such servicing will lead to legal action than the doctoring that has taken place.
          For example, according to Levinson, on average, “un-sued” doctors – in this case surgeons – would talk to their patients for three more minutes than surgeons who got sued.  That difference is reported as being 18.3 minutes as opposed to 15 minutes.  But what seems more important is the tenor of the conversations.
           Psychologist Nalini Ambady listened to the tapes of conversations produced by Levinson and with sophisticated analysis, judged whether the conversations could be seen as having “warmth, hostility, dominance, and anxiousness …”[2]  That psychologist concluded, from the analysis she conducted of the taped conversations, that she could accurately determine which surgeons were going to be sued and which were not.  Who were the unfortunate ones?
          They were the surgeons that, surprisingly, sounded dominant.  One tends, this blogger believes, to associate dominance with expertise, something, one suspects, is a good thing when it comes to surgery.  But it turns out that more important is a tone of concern that a surgeon projects.  In turn, a patient reads certain qualities into how the surgeon converses.  Most important – more important than expertise – is respect and caring which is communicated by the softer tone. 
When things go bad, it seems patients are more apt to hold back on legal action if they feel the medical treatment was conducted with respect and this blogger feels that says something in how people get to feel federated with other people.  If one is apt to place such importance on respect and perceived caring in terms of medical services – getting operated no less – then how important is it in everyday interactions?  The obvious answer is very. 
Gladwell writes:  “It isn’t necessary, then, to know much about how a surgeon operates in order to know his[/her] likelihood to being sued.  What you need to know is the relationship between that doctor and his patients.”[3]  One can paraphrase this conclusion to make a broader point.  It isn’t necessary, then, to know much about how a citizen reflects on his/her citizenry in order to know his/her likelihood to being federated.  What one needs to know is the relationship among his/her fellow citizens.  Is it based on caring and respect?  If so, federation is possible.


[1] Malcolm Gladwell, Blink:  The Power of Thinking without Thinking (New York, NY:  Bay Back Books, 2005).

[2] Ibid., 42.

[3] Ibid., 41.

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