A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, September 20, 2013

WHAT IS IT YOU DO?

A while ago, I suggested that a good exercise or project for high school students was to identify those individuals in their communities who held power. I went on to suggest a method to do this and an initial inquiry into where these individuals worked and lived. I cautioned that students not be too aggressive in finding this information and that they should depend on publicly available sources. The main idea of this second phase of the project was to look into how much these powerful people actually mix with other segments of the community, especially with those who are lacking in advantages – the poorer segment of the local population. In this posting, I want to suggest a further step in this inquiry: devising questions that could be used in interviewing the powerful.

Again, this methodology is suggested by an old study: Community Power Structure: A Study of Decision Makers by Floyd Hunter.1 The next apparent step in Hunter's study was to formulate questions that would be part of a survey to be administered to the forty identified powerful members of the community he called Regional City. Hunter's account of the interviews does not contain the questionnaire, but from the type of information the study reveals, I have devised a set of questions – at least initial questions – that seem to have been asked of these people. I will list these questions in no particular order, but I will advise any teacher who wants to pursue this type of assignment that the overall aims are to see how the individuals saw their good fortune, how their success reflects a system that provides equal opportunity, how the individuals are using their good fortune to promote equal opportunities for other members of the community, what kinds of experiences – particularly reflecting their own efforts – seem to aid one in becoming powerful, and how conscious the powerful are of how dependent they are on communal resources to advance their careers.

Of course, the tone of the interview should be complimentary of these individuals' positions and accomplishments. It should avoid in any way reflecting jealousy, rancor, an accusatory tone, or negativity. I would suggest the general approach can be to communicate a purpose for the interview; that is, to share with students those qualities useful in attaining success – students would benefit from such insights. This positive demeanor need not be devious or untruthful. In the process of obtaining and reporting this information, one can report, as context, the true conditions that lead to advancement and an honest account of how likely it is for any particular, hard working person to eventually meet this type of success. I believe that educating young people as to these matters is a very responsible thing to do. It is responsible in terms of students' personal interests and in terms of educating students as to the true level of equality that exists in their community.

Naturally, what I am proposing is just a suggestion, but I want to emphasize that these questions are listed here only to spur in teachers or a class of students ideas that can serve as a starting point. Students should be totally free to take them and change them in any way they might feel would be suitable given the aims the teacher offers to guide their efforts. Here is the list:
  • With what business are you employed?
  • What is your role in that business? Generally describe your duties.
  • With what other businesses are you or your business linked or associated?
  • With what associations – such as professional or communal – are you or your business engaged?
  • What are your roles in those associations?
  • How would you describe your role or activities in advancing community interests?
  • How many jobs does your business provide?
  • How would you describe these jobs – in terms of actual duties, skills, pay, and the like?
  • How would you describe your role concerning civic affairs?
  • How would you describe your rise within your business – in terms of time, experiences, level of effort and difficulty, and the like?
  • What previous jobs did you hold before coming to the present business or employer you presently have?
  • Do you have any family members employed by your business – now and before you took on the top position of leadership?
  • How does your business, your industry, your community, the nation promote leadership?
  • Are these methods of promoting leadership effective? If yes, how? If not, in what ways are these methods deficient?
  • Given a position of leadership, as the one you hold, what are the moral responsibilities of a person holding such a position to the welfare of a community? Please expand.
  • To prepare for a position such as the one you hold, what type of educational experiences are essential? Which are, if not essential, useful? Which are, if not essential or useful, a waste of time?
  • Given all the factors that affect you and your business, what is right with your community, with the region where your business is located, with the nation, with the world?
  • Given all the factors that affect you and your business, what is wrong with your community, with the region where your business is located, with the nation, with the world?
  • If you were asked to account for your success, what percentage would you say was due to your effort (hard work) and what percentage was due to good fortune? Please explain.
In regard to these kinds of questions, I will share with you, in some future posting, what Hunter found out about the leaders he studied. While his study is now dated, it would be interesting to compare what business and other community leaders say today with what their counterparts reported over a half century ago. Also, it would be interesting for the students, before administering the survey, to answer the questions as they believe an ideal powerful person should answer them. They can then compare their version of the ideal with the reality that exists in their community.

1Hunter, F. (1953). Community Power Structure: A Study of Decision Makers. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.

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