A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Tuesday, July 19, 2016

A “FIRST” WORTH HAVING?

We were introduced to Melania Trump last night – interesting potential first lady.  She would be a first in many ways.  She would be the first first lady who has posed nude in a national magazine.  It doesn’t make her a bad person; maybe it’s time for such a first.  Her introduction was a bit rocky.  In her speech to the convention, as you probably know by now, she is being accused of plagiarizing from the current first lady, Michelle Obama’s introductory speech to the 2008 Democratic National Convention.  That’s a first.  Another first is that she would be the first foreign born first lady since Louisa Adams, wife of John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the US; perhaps this is a needed first.  When I think of Melania Trump, I don’t think first of her speech last night, but of how she is seen in the eyes of the Republican party’s base or part of that base, the religious right.  Why?  Because of what she represents – the urban, secular, sexually liberal view of life.  Whether she, in her personal views and dispositions is really that way is a question worth asking, given how first ladies represent all of us.  Perhaps some of us welcome such a symbolic image of us all, but I am sure this would not be, for many, the first symbol they would choose.  Oh, by the way, a first she is not is Mr. Trump’s first wife.

But there it is.  Let us review a bit of context to this by making a comment or two about religious rhetoric in our political discourse.  In a recent book, Christopher B. Chapp[1] identifies three forms of religious rhetoric:  civil religion, rhetoric emanating from particular religious groups (such as Roman Catholic rhetoric), and civil religious war rhetoric.  The first, expounded upon by Robert N. Bellah, basically refers to the general allusion to religious beliefs that public speakers use, as in John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address – “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.”[2]  This, according to Bellah, is more than mere rhetorical shorthand; it represents an integral moral substance in how Americans generally see the role of religion within the political environment.  How distinguishable and coherent that sense is varies from time to time.  As for rhetoric emanating from a particular religion, this will capture the national attention only when a policy affects a particular religious group or a scandal arises within that group, as with the child abuse by priests scandal that befell the Catholic Church.  The last type, civil war rhetoric, usually concerns the evangelical or fundamentalist groups.  Oftentimes, this type of rhetoric is taken to be an attempt at expanding the numbers of believers, but according to Chapp, most of this rhetoric is dedicated as warnings:  God will seek retribution if we don’t live moral lives (morality defined by these groups’ views of morality).  So, for example, the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s was seen by many in the group as God’s wrath for same sex activities.  It is this last sort of rhetoric that pertains to Melania Trump’s background.

If you are instrumental in electing a man who is married to a woman who posed nude for a national magazine, are you inviting further degradation (in the form of legitimizing such a display of salacious material and imagery) and in turn, inviting the Almighty to cast some form of punishment for such an endorsement?  This, logically, would be a question that would occur to individuals who consider themselves evangelicals and/or fundamentalists.  Interestingly, while many of these Republicans did not vote for Trump, I don’t hear this kind of rhetoric from that camp.  But what I am seeing is a clinging effort from those people to fight till the end, if only symbolically, the nomination of Mr. Trump.  I believe that in their minds, this, at a fundamental level, is what is at stake.



[1] Chapp, C. B.  (2012).  Religious rhetoric and American politics:  The endurance of civil religion in electoral campaigns.  Ithaca, NY:  Cornell University Press.

[2] Bellah, R. N. (1967).  Religion in American.  Daedalus, Winter, 96 (1), pp. 1-21, p.1.

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