A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, October 14, 2016

HOW DYSFUNCTIONAL?

We have an election coming up.  Oh, you noticed.  Chances are, and I might be projecting here, you can’t wait for it to be over.  I am a political junkie and I want it to be over.  Somehow, this time around, we seem to be talking about something other than what we have grown accustomed to.
I, in this blog, called Donald Trump a “black swan.”  This was not, at the time, a derogatory term; it just referred to the fact that Trump and what he promised to represent was on no one’s radar.  He was an “unknown, unknown,” at least as a presidential candidate.
          But here we are with less than a month to go and the unfolding of events has become more and more bizarre.  At first, the bizarreness was amusing; not so much anymore.  Things have become ugly.  My personal exposure to this has been what I see on social media such as Facebook and television media.
I understand the level of “unfriending” is up significantly.  People can’t just disagree politically and leave it at that.  It has gotten to the point that one sees those with whom one disagrees as less likeable or even less human.  In my case, if I were to be of such a mind, that would include family members.  This can’t be healthy.
          And what happens after the election?  Does the bipolar nature of our politics become even more so?  Will it become even more impossible for us to congregate in order to hatch out public policy?  It seems that will happen.  To the extent it is already the case, one can determine that it is probably the chief reason the Trump phenomenon occurred in the first place.
          Our political parties, one in particular, has opted for the position that it will not compromise with the other.  Ironically, that particular party boasts that it defends the original intent of our founding fathers.  And yet central to the system our founding fathers left us is one that depends on congregating, collaborating, and compromising (the three c’s).  And it is that party, for political purposes, that has refused to even be seen as compromising, much less doing it.
          But this reflects these politicians’ political situations with their constituents.  Due to the Tea Party and others, any politician who appears soft on the issues these voters think are important is subject to being ousted by a primary challenger, one who promises he/she will not compromise.  The term, “primaried” has been coined to describe the process.  So they “cannot” compromise since their number one objective is to politically survive the next election.
          What is the result?  If one is talking about Congress being unable to arrive at policy decisions, the political system becomes dysfunctional.  By the way, such a reality is a policy in itself, one of inaction.  The problem is that that policy is not what is intended or satisfying anyone.
Early in this blog, I referenced the work of Gabriel Almond and G. Bingham Powell, Jr.[1]  They introduced a theory that described the sort of actions a political system had to accomplish in order to remain healthy and even survive.  The theory is given the name, structural-functionalism, and the things that have to be done are known as functions.  One of the functions the theory identifies is rule making and another is interest aggregation.
          When Congress does not pass laws that are perceived as needed by the electorate – or worse, an issue is not addressed, e. g., job losses due to foreign competition or non-enforcement of trade agreements – the system is not fulfilling the rule making function.  And when a portion of the electorate refuses to compromise, the interest aggregation function is also short-changed.
Here are two basic functions not being fulfilled and, a la Almond and Powell, the system seems to be in serious trouble.  This, according to the theory, can eventually lead to the system collapsing and ceasing to exist.  We’re not there yet, but does the outlook indicate healthier times ahead?  I’m afraid not.  Whoever wins, his or her party, it seems, will have to win all organs of government – the presidency and both chambers of Congress – in order to get things done.
Is it time to give up on our founding fathers’ plan and shift to another one, perhaps a parliamentary system?  If so, I, for one, would be heartbroken.  The entire federalist model, one that grew through our colonial times and was refined through the centuries – is it finally at an end?  “Say it ain’t so.” 



[1] Gabriel Almond and G. Bingham Powell, Jr., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach, (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1966).

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