A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, July 27, 2018

A SPREAD OF AN EPIDEMIC


[Note:  This posting is a continuation of a report on the development of a civics unit of study.  This unit is directing students to formulate informed positions on the opioid epidemic.  Presently, this development, in real time, is reporting on how this epidemic has been experienced among the various states of the US.]
Here, simply stated, are the number of prescriptions for opioids per 100 residents of the various states and the District of Columbia in the year 2012.  They are presented in the order of magnitude from the highest level of prescriptions to the lowest level:
1)    Alabama  142.9
2)    Tennessee  142.8
3)    West Virginia  137.6
4)    Kentucky  128.4
5)    Oklahoma  127.8
6)    Mississippi  120.3
7)    Louisiana  118
8)    Arkansas  115.8
9)    Indiana  109.1
10)  Michigan  107
11)  South Carolina  101.8
12)  Ohio  100.1
13)  North Carolina  96.6
14)  Missouri  94.8
15)  Nevada  94.1
16)  Kansas  93.8
17)  Delaware  90.8
18)  Georgia  90.7
19)  Rhode Island  89.6
20)  Oregon  89.2
21)  Pennsylvania  88.2
22)  Utah  85.8
23)  District of Columbia  85.7
24)  Idaho  85.6
25)  Maine  85.1
26)  Arizona  82.4
27)  Montana  82
28)  Nebraska  79.4
29)  Virginia  77.5
30)  Washington  77.3
31)  Wisconsin  76.1
32)  North Dakota  74.7
33)  Maryland  74.3
34)  Texas  74.3
35)  New Mexico  73.8
36)  Iowa  72.8
37)  Florida  72.7
38)  Connecticut  72.4
39)  New Hampshire  71.7
40)  Colorado  71.2
41)  Massachusetts  70.8
42)  Wyoming  69.6
43)  Illinois  67.9
44)  Vermont  67.4
45)  South Dakota  66.5
46)  Alaska  65.1
47)  New Jersey  62.9
48)  Minnesota  61.6
49)  New York  59.5
50)  California  57
51)  Hawaii  52[1]
This set of data gives one a feel of how this epidemic is area sensitive; i.e., localities or regions do seem to influence how much medical professionals are disposed toward prescribing opioids.
          At this point, they are presented without comment.  What is suggested is that if a civics teacher were to present these numbers, they might serve as a “springboard” for an inquiry.  Students can be asked to review and analyze the information and propose hypotheses as to why this distribution is as it is. 
What a teacher can add is that there is no evidence to indicate that the distribution of pain varies among localities, states, or regions.  Therefore, reasons for this distribution must be found elsewhere if one is to understand why the states are arranged as they are.  Of note is how much the numbers vary from a low of 52 to a high of 142.9.  That is, the highest is almost three times higher than the lowest.
Given the information this blog has already shared, these numbers represent prescription rates early in this epidemic.  Since, then, and Florida has been highlighted in this regard, some states are becoming more pro-active in controlling how and where opioids are prescribed.  This could affect how the various states are ranked.
Perhaps the reader might take part in this suggested assignment by hypothesizing reasons for the listed ranking.  More information will be reported in the next posting and perhaps whatever hypothesis a reader might devise can be, at least in part, tested.



[1] “Vital Signs:  Variation among States in Prescribing of Opioid Pain Relievers and Benzodiazepines – United States, 2012,” Center for Disease Control and Prevention, vol. 63, no. 26, July 4, 2014, accessed July 25, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6326a2.htm?s_cid=mm6326a2_w#Tab .

No comments:

Post a Comment