A Crucial Element of Democracy

This is a blog by Robert Gutierrez ...
While often taken for granted, civics education plays a crucial role in a democracy like ours. This Blog is dedicated to enticing its readers into taking an active role in the formulation of the civics curriculum found in their local schools. In order to do this, the Blog is offering a newer way to look at civics education, a newer construct - liberated federalism or federation theory. Daniel Elazar defines federalism as "the mode of political organization that unites separate polities within an overarching political system by distributing power among general and constituent governments in a manner designed to protect the existence and authority of both." It depends on its citizens acting in certain ways which Elazar calls federalism's processes. Federation theory, as applied to civics curriculum, has a set of aims. They are:
*Teach a view of government as a supra federated institution of society in which collective interests of the commonwealth are protected and advanced.
*Teach the philosophical basis of government's role as guardian of the grand partnership of citizens at both levels of individuals and associations of political and social intercourse.
*Convey the need of government to engender levels of support promoting a general sense of obligation and duty toward agreed upon goals and processes aimed at advancing the common betterment.
*Establish and justify a political morality which includes a process to assess whether that morality meets the needs of changing times while holding true to federalist values.
*Emphasize the integrity of the individual both in terms of liberty and equity in which each citizen is a member of a compacted arrangement and whose role is legally, politically, and socially congruent with the spirit of the Bill of Rights.
*Find a balance between a respect for national expertise and an encouragement of local, unsophisticated participation in policy decision-making and implementation.
Your input, as to the content of this Blog, is encouraged through this Blog directly or the Blog's email address: gravitascivics@gmail.com .
NOTE: This blog has led to the publication of a book. The title of that book is TOWARD A FEDERATED NATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CIVICS STANDARDS and it is available through Amazon in both ebook and paperback versions.

Friday, November 29, 2019

A GOBBLING CONCERN


Here’s hoping everyone’s Thanksgiving was grand.  Really, isn’t Thanksgiving the best?  Family get-togethers (a joyful event for this blogger), a grand meal, no gift-giving (or more accurately, gift-buying) hassle, and even a parade (a spectacle this blogger attended as a child) marks the day.  What more can one ask for?  But now, it’s time to move on and, oh yes, prepare for the next holiday or two.
          And that next family-oriented day or days rely on economic conditions to be what one hopes for.  So, what better time to address the economy.  Of course, that’s a topic this civics-oriented blog looks at from time to time.  One writer this blogger depends on for this area of concern is William K. Tabb.[1]  The last posting citing Tabb is entitled “Are They Misdirected Moves?” and it appeared July 5, 2019.[2]  That posting ended with a foreshadowing that Tabb’s work would be revisited again and here is that next visit.
          Tabb points out that among the American electorate there seem to be two polar opinions concerning the role government plays in the economy.  One is that government meddling – or intrusion – can be best considered opportunities for disasters.  Government proves to be ineffective and surely incompetent.  The little good it might eke out is over-taken by the harm it produces.  Usually, that view is associated with conservative people and, in turn, with those citizens that identify themselves as Republicans.
          The others – the liberals or those associated with the Democratic Party – see market participants as being the “out-of-touch” or shortsighted people who engage in mindless herd behaviors.  They refer to the inevitable, resulting crises that spring up every so often causing serious harm not just to numbers of businesses, but to the lives of real people.  Of course, the most recent example was the 2008-09 financial crisis that turned into the Great Recession. 
They blame market believers for being too self-centered to realize macro forces that lead to the downturns.  Good times lead to over exuberance and over purchasing of investment assets – like stocks or real estate – often with borrowed money.  Result is the makings of bubbles which look like the ultimate solution to securing economic riches.  But bubbles burst.  Here’s Tabb’s description of the last crisis:
There is now a good deal of research that links rapid increase in credit creation in an economy with the likelihood of financial bubbles and busts.  When serious economic crises occur, government intervention on a significant scale is required, as [former FED Chairman] Greenspan was to acknowledge … This suggests the unenviable, but necessary, task of taking away the punch bowl when the party becomes too exuberant.[3]
Here’s a thought, Trump’s trade “war” with China is functioning as not currently taking away the bowl but inserting a leak.  And that leak might be discouraging the irrational exuberance alluded to above.  The closest indicator that might suggest a bubble in the stock market, for example, is or has been forming is stocks’ price to earnings ratio (p/e ratio) indicator.  In 2018 it was getting a bit high, but since then it has significantly dropped. 
Perhaps trade woes had something to do with that.  In any event, the economy presently seems strong without the usual concerning indicators – like inflation – causing much worry.[4]  This blogger is not aware of any significant concern for a forming bubble.  There is the concern among some over corporations borrowing too much money.  This seems to be encouraged by persisting low interest rates – as this blogger has asked before:  is this a bubble-like effect?
But this brings up an important distinction when considering economic issues and trends.  There are production issues and there are financing issues.  One refers to the production of wealth – hence, it being called production issues – and the other fuels production.  And leading Western economies, like the US, have become more centered on the financial end of the equation.  Tabb describes how that end has become dominant.
He writes:
Financialization has become the leading organizing logic of accumulation in Anglo-American-style economies and has had impacts elsewhere to a substantial degree.  In its shortening time horizons of production capital, it allows a redistribution of profits from the realm of production of actual goods and non-financial services to speculator profits and enlarges the sphere in which money is made from money.  Speculating on and manipulating the future value of financial assets implies consequences for citizens.  It increases uncertainty and risk with regard to decisions about financing consumer purchases, homes, education, retirement, and other quality-of-life decisions.[5]
And with those sobering thoughts, this blogger hopes the reader’s holiday goes on unperturbed.


[1] William K. Tabb, The Restructuring of Capitalism in Our Time (New York, NY:  Columbia University Press, 2012).

[2] Robert Gutierrez, “Are They Misdirected Moves?”, Gravitas:  A Voice for Civics – a blog, July 5, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019, https://gravitascivics.blogspot.com/2019/07/are-they-misdirected-moves.html .

[3] William K. Tabb, The Restructuring of Capitalism in Our Time, 6 (Kindle edition).

[4] One should not make investment decisions based on what a blogger might opine – especially when the blogger writes about civics education issues.

[5] William K. Tabb, The Restructuring of Capitalism in Our Time, 10-11 (Kindle edition).

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